Which of the following is NOT a component of female violence?

Substance abuse is considered a contributing factor to various forms of violence, including female violence, but it is not classified as a direct component. The other options, such as domestic violence, single parenting, and mental illness, are recognized components that may contribute to or correlate with patterns of violence among women.

Domestic violence encompasses instances where women may be perpetrators, often fueled by the context of their relationships. Single parenting can create stressors that may lead to violent outcomes when resources are limited or when conflict arises. Mental illness can affect behavior and decision-making processes, potentially leading to violence. However, while substance abuse can influence violence, it is generally seen as a more situational or peripheral factor rather than a foundational component in understanding female violence as a behavioral phenomenon. This distinction highlights why substance abuse is recognized differently compared to the more directly correlated components listed in the other answers.